There are many different aspects to innate immunity, but one of the most advanced fields of research by far is the recognition of viral nucleic acids by the host. Several papers have recently identified either key components of signalling pathways (e.g. the identification of STING/MITA/MPYS as part of RIG-I signalling 1,2,3) or new sensors for DNA recognition (e..g DAI 4, 5 ). These recent advances have changed the field and opened up the area, allowing further research into identifying new sensors or characterisation of the common signalling pathway (TBK1/IRF3 & IFN) used by most of these molecules. A recent in-depth review by Unterholzner & Bowie covers all methods of host response in regards to pattern recognition receptors (or PRRs as they are known). This review is definitely the most comprehensive by far and has done well to remain up to date.